Definition of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

• IPM is an ecosystem-based and effective approach that focuses on long-term prevention and management of pests by using a combination of practices/techniques such as chemical control, biological control, physical control, cultural practices, and resistance management. The information on pest biology and their interaction with the ecosystem incorporated in a manner that minimizes risks or hazards to human health, non-target organisms, and the environment. IPM can be used in any environment including agricultural and non-agricultural settings (i.e. urban areas, wildlands, and natural areas).

Type of control strategy in IPM

• Chemical control - Pesticides are widely used in controlling pests such as insects, weeds, fungus, bacteria, etc. In IPM, pesticides are usually used together with other approaches to achieve effective control against pests. A minimum amount of pesticides should be used for the purpose and as needed. The toxicity and persistence of the chemicals will be taking into consideration. For example, we should choose the less toxic and more target-specific pesticides to avoid any health risks poses to human or non-target organisms.
• Biological control - A method of controlling pests using other organisms (typically their natural enemies). Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. The three basic concepts in biological control are importation, augmentation, and conservation. A common example of biological control is using lady beetles in controlling plant-damaging aphids.
• Physical control - Preventing pests from getting near, killing or removing pests, making the environment not favorable to pests are some of the approaches in physical control. A typical example is the use of window screens to prevent flying insects (i.e. mosquitoes and flies) from entering homes. Using cockroaches and rodents trap is also a type of physical control.
• Cultural control - Suppress pest problems by minimizing or eliminating the conditions for their survival, dispersal, and reproduction. For example, maintaining good hygiene will help in controlling cockroach infestations at home by reducing their food source and shelter.

Watch this video to learn more about IPM in the urban ecosystem (in progress).