‘ULA‘ULA

Main Image

Main Image

'‛ULA‛ULA' ('‘Ala‘ihi')

Status: Held in Collections

Background Information: ‘Ula‘ula literally means "red," the most sacred color in Hawaiian culture. The name may apply to blood, red or pale pink kapa cloth, and denotes a variety of kalo with red veins. While ‘ula‘ula is the name for the red snapper (Etelis marshi), the cane is instead associated with ala‘ihi - different types of squirrelfish (Holocentrus spp.), which are spiny red reef fish that congregate in dark caves in the coral reefs during the day and come out to feed at night. This cane is closely related to 'Pua‘ole' and is reported as the red mutant of that variety.

Identifying Characteristics: Stalks are deep red with deep, long bud furrow. Sheaths purple, heavily waxy, and smooth. Leaves with distinctive reddish tinge. Dewlap squarish and ringed heavily with pink. '‘Ula‘ula' may be confused with 'Uhu,' but distinguishable by well-formed auricle and distinctive reddish tint to leaves.

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

red, dark red, or purple; wax bloom very sparse to light

Internode

Internode

cylindrical or very slightly conoidal; bud furrow deep, usually extending the length of the internode; wax band narrow to moderate, very prominent; growth ring red or purple; root band olive green or purple, 3–4 rows of eyes

Bud

Bud

ovate, green, moderately pubescent; bud wing purple, inserted near the center of the bud

Leaf

Leaf

very erect, short length, medium/broad width, module 15:1–19:1, decidedly purple cast, virtually devoid of hairs, serration is small and closely packed; upper midrib has a pinkish hue or can be outright pink; lower midrib often has a thin yellow stripe down the center; sheath green with a purple flush, moderate to heavy wax, virtually devoid of hairs, tends to crack down the middle; dewlap yellow or yellow-green, densely ringed with pink, ascending squarish or flaring squarish; outer auricle transitional with a short light hair group; inner auricle calcarate growth that occurs a bit below the dewlap

Flesh

Flesh

dark brown or dark orange-brown with a very dark ring near the rind, very juicy, moderately sweet, excellent chewing cane as the flesh is soft

Tassel

Tassel

open, large, silverish, held well aloft

Growth

Growth

very erect, many fat but short stalks

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Flesh

Flesh

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

  • Information

Status: No Known Specimens

Background Information: ‘Ainakea literally means “white (kea) pith/bagasse (‘aina)” or “white land (‘?ina).” According to Fornander this name refers to a particular episode in Hawaiian mythology: K?‘ula and K?ne, two powerful akua, practiced their sorcery on the people of Honua‘ula, Maui, and left the bodies of the dead strewn about and exposed. The duo added further insult by snacking on sugarcane grown by the victims to quench their thirst; since this time the cane has been called ‘Ainakea in reference to the white bones left bleaching in the sun. However, many l?‘au lapa‘au sources indicate that the name refers to the flesh of the cane, which is said to be the whitest of all Hawaiian canes – a particularly rare trait for a dark-skinned variety. An alternative name, Laenihi, refers generally to high-headed labroid fish of the genera Hemipteronotus and Iniistius. Another name, P?kea, is a quantifying term applied to Laenihi that refers to a whitish coloration and was used to denote a specific species of fish. ‘Ainakea was one of the few canes used in medicinal concoctions by the kahuna h?h?, and was important in the treatments for p?‘ao‘ao, ‘ea, hilo, and waiki.

Historical Description: ‘Ainakea is said to be [DE1] one of the prettiest Hawaiian canes, similar in appearance to ‘?hi‘a when it is young but lightening in color as it grows. It was often said to be one of the best-producing native cane varieties and was popular cane home gardens, particularly in dry and lowland areas.

Stalk Color

 

The stalks are described by Moir as “maroon-red and striped with apple-green when young, and changing to purplish-red and yellow when mature”; by Fornander as “red with long white stripes”; and by Spencer as “a ribbon cane, green and purple.” Alternatively, Ka‘aiakamanu compares it to Manulele (a striped cane), and states that the stalks were “dark reddish as the p?polo liquid.”

 

Authored by: Noa Kekuewa Lincoln.  
Please properly cite any use of information or graphics from this page. 

Lincoln, N. (2017) Kō: An Ethnobotanical Guide to Hawaiian Sugarcane Varieties. 
Retrieved from: http://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/cane/Home.aspx