PAKAWELI

Main Image

Main Image

'PAKAWELI' ('Pailolo,' 'Hou')

Status: Held in Collections

Background Information: Pakaweli is said to refer to a fish, though no information about what fish or why is given. Some sources indicate that this name is synonymous with 'Mahai‘ula,' though there are conflicting accounts on this subject (see 'Mahai‘ula'). Pailolo refers to a ceremony in which this variety is used, conducted for the onset of learning because one encouraged or roused (pai) the brains (lolo). Hou refers to various varieties of wrasses (Thalassoma spp.) that are colorful shallow-water reef fish. Hou is the adult stage of these fish while another cane name ('‘Āwela', synonymous with 'Pua‘ole') refers to the young stage of the fish.

Identifying Characteristics: Stalks are bright apple green striped with light purple. Leaves are lightly variegated with white and rarely with bright pink. Greater auricle is often well developed, small pointed or hooking growth that occurs well below the dewlap. 'Pakaweli' may be confused with 'Akoki,' but can be distinguished by the lightly pubescent sheaths compared to the smooth or virtually hairless sheaths of 'Akoki,' and the sheaths of the former being variegated with pink rather than purple.

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

bright green or yellow-green striped with dark rose, red, or light purple, may turn orange or bronze with sun exposure; wax bloom very sparse

Internode

Internode

cylindrical or conoidal; bud furrow variably expressed, can be deep and long; wax band moderately wide, often inconspicuous, fades with age; growth ring bright green or yellow-green, tumescent; root band striped like the stalk, decidedly greener, 3–4 rows of eyes

Bud

Bud

green turning to red or purple with exposure, narrow ovate, round pointed tip; moderately hairy with both short and long hairs; wings olive green turning reddish, broad, heavily fringed, inserted near the middle of the bud

Leaf

Leaf

erect, short length, medium width, module 14:1–18:1, often crinkled at the tips, void of hairs except sparsely along edge, slightly variegated with white or less commonly pink, rarely heavily variegated, serration medium sized and moderately spaced; upper midrib is white or pale yellow hue; sheath light green, often flushed with purple, variegated with white, pink, or both, light to moderate coating of wax, hairs very sparse in narrow strip down center, thick margin of dead tissue; dewlap yellow-green or light green, flaring ligulate; outer auricle transitional with a dense growth of medium-length hairs; inner auricle small to medium pointed growth, occasionally hooking, occurs an inch or more below the dewlap

Flesh

Flesh

light brown, distinct white core, outward color transition from white to brown, very soft, very juicy, mildly sweet

Tassel

Tassel

squat, broad, open, very rosy, held well aloft, does not tassel freely

Growth

Growth

erect to semi-erect, stalks of moderate size and height

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Leaf

Leaf

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Leaf

Leaf

Tassel

Tassel

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Flesh

Flesh

  • Information

Status: No Known Specimens

Background Information: ‘Ainakea literally means “white (kea) pith/bagasse (‘aina)” or “white land (‘?ina).” According to Fornander this name refers to a particular episode in Hawaiian mythology: K?‘ula and K?ne, two powerful akua, practiced their sorcery on the people of Honua‘ula, Maui, and left the bodies of the dead strewn about and exposed. The duo added further insult by snacking on sugarcane grown by the victims to quench their thirst; since this time the cane has been called ‘Ainakea in reference to the white bones left bleaching in the sun. However, many l?‘au lapa‘au sources indicate that the name refers to the flesh of the cane, which is said to be the whitest of all Hawaiian canes – a particularly rare trait for a dark-skinned variety. An alternative name, Laenihi, refers generally to high-headed labroid fish of the genera Hemipteronotus and Iniistius. Another name, P?kea, is a quantifying term applied to Laenihi that refers to a whitish coloration and was used to denote a specific species of fish. ‘Ainakea was one of the few canes used in medicinal concoctions by the kahuna h?h?, and was important in the treatments for p?‘ao‘ao, ‘ea, hilo, and waiki.

Historical Description: ‘Ainakea is said to be [DE1] one of the prettiest Hawaiian canes, similar in appearance to ‘?hi‘a when it is young but lightening in color as it grows. It was often said to be one of the best-producing native cane varieties and was popular cane home gardens, particularly in dry and lowland areas.

Stalk Color

 

The stalks are described by Moir as “maroon-red and striped with apple-green when young, and changing to purplish-red and yellow when mature”; by Fornander as “red with long white stripes”; and by Spencer as “a ribbon cane, green and purple.” Alternatively, Ka‘aiakamanu compares it to Manulele (a striped cane), and states that the stalks were “dark reddish as the p?polo liquid.”

 

Authored by: Noa Kekuewa Lincoln.  
Please properly cite any use of information or graphics from this page. 

Lincoln, N. (2017) Kō: An Ethnobotanical Guide to Hawaiian Sugarcane Varieties. 
Retrieved from: http://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/cane/Home.aspx