MOANO

Main Image

Main Image

'MOANO'

Status: Held in Collections

Background Information: This name literally refers to a pale red color and figuratively means "to bloom" but is most often used to denote the red goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus), whose red color, so a fable told, was caused by the fish eating the lehua flowers of the ‘ōhi‘a tree. Misnomers for this cane include 'Moana' and 'Manoa.' This name is also applied to a variety of kalo ('‘Ula‘ula Moano') that has a similar red coloration on its stalk. 'Moano' is perhaps the most common backyard variety today, and is often the variety found when people say they have the "red" Hawaiian cane. 

Identifying Characteristics: Stalks are light purple with a much lighter-colored root band and growth ring. Bud furrow is very strongly marked, deep, and long. Buds are large and deltoid. Dewlap is strongly squarish deltoid. Auricle often well developed, small pointed and occurring at dewlap. 'Moano' may be confused with 'Waialua,' but distinguished by deep bud furrow, 'Uhu,' but distinguished by well-formed auricle, and 'Nānahu,' but distinguished by sheath coloration and variegation.

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

light red-purple to deep red, becoming very dark purple with exposure; wax bloom very sparse to light

Internode

Internode

cylindric with slight variations; bud furrow strongly marked, very deep, extending the length of the internode; wax band medium width, prominent, typically constricted; growth ring dark purple, red, or rarely orange; root band purple or orange-green, 2–3 rows of eyes

Bud

Bud

pink or purple, narrow ovate or narrow deltoid, very tall, truncate tip; sparsely pubescent with short and long hairs near the tip; bud wings purple, inserted below the middle of the bud

Leaf

Leaf

droops near the middle, medium length, very broad width, module 14:1–18:1, green, occasional splotching of yellow or white, moderate long hairs along the edge, almost hairless behind dewlap, serration is moderate size and closely packed; upper midrib is creamy white or pale yellow; lower midrib often with a thin yellow stripe down the center; sheath greenish yellow, flushed with pink or purple, moderately waxy, very hairy down the center, thick margin of dead tissue; dewlap squarish deltoid or ascending squarish; outer auricle often slight round-pointed growth with a tuft of short hairs; inner auricle medium-pointed deltoid growth

Flesh

Flesh

dark brown

Tassel

Tassel

not observed

Growth

Growth

very erect to semi-erect, few, moderately thick stalks

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Bud

Bud

Internode

Internode

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

  • Information

Status: No Known Specimens

Background Information: ‘Ainakea literally means “white (kea) pith/bagasse (‘aina)” or “white land (‘?ina).” According to Fornander this name refers to a particular episode in Hawaiian mythology: K?‘ula and K?ne, two powerful akua, practiced their sorcery on the people of Honua‘ula, Maui, and left the bodies of the dead strewn about and exposed. The duo added further insult by snacking on sugarcane grown by the victims to quench their thirst; since this time the cane has been called ‘Ainakea in reference to the white bones left bleaching in the sun. However, many l?‘au lapa‘au sources indicate that the name refers to the flesh of the cane, which is said to be the whitest of all Hawaiian canes – a particularly rare trait for a dark-skinned variety. An alternative name, Laenihi, refers generally to high-headed labroid fish of the genera Hemipteronotus and Iniistius. Another name, P?kea, is a quantifying term applied to Laenihi that refers to a whitish coloration and was used to denote a specific species of fish. ‘Ainakea was one of the few canes used in medicinal concoctions by the kahuna h?h?, and was important in the treatments for p?‘ao‘ao, ‘ea, hilo, and waiki.

Historical Description: ‘Ainakea is said to be [DE1] one of the prettiest Hawaiian canes, similar in appearance to ‘?hi‘a when it is young but lightening in color as it grows. It was often said to be one of the best-producing native cane varieties and was popular cane home gardens, particularly in dry and lowland areas.

Stalk Color

 

The stalks are described by Moir as “maroon-red and striped with apple-green when young, and changing to purplish-red and yellow when mature”; by Fornander as “red with long white stripes”; and by Spencer as “a ribbon cane, green and purple.” Alternatively, Ka‘aiakamanu compares it to Manulele (a striped cane), and states that the stalks were “dark reddish as the p?polo liquid.”

 

Authored by: Noa Kekuewa Lincoln.  
Please properly cite any use of information or graphics from this page. 

Lincoln, N. (2017) Kō: An Ethnobotanical Guide to Hawaiian Sugarcane Varieties. 
Retrieved from: http://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/cane/Home.aspx