MAHAI‘ULA

Main Image

Main Image

'MAHAI‘ULA'

Status: Held in Collections

Background Information: The name literally means “red trevally” (Psuedocaranx or Gnathanodon spp.), which is said to be a rare giant trevally with a reddish hue to its reflection. The name, however, refers not necessarily to the fish, but to a coastal location on the western coast of Hawai‘i Island. Traditional references conflictingly equate this variety with 'Pakaweli,' with 'Wai‘ōhi‘a,' or describe it as different than either. It is likely then that this cane, if it is a traditional cultivar, was known by different names on different islands. Unfortunately, no physical descriptions of 'Mahai‘ula' were identified, and verification of its authenticity was not possible. This cane, called 'Mahai‘ula' today, closely matches the historical descriptions of 'Wai‘ōhi‘a' and is physically and genetically very similar to '‘Ie‘ie'/'Cavengerie.' Due to the unaligned references, this cane is treated as a unique variety.

Description of Characteristics: Stalks are purple striped with dark purple. Sheaths are long and variegated. The transitional auricle is fringed with an extended area of long, dense hairs. Nearly identical to '‘Ie‘ie' but more robust, with thicker stalks and better ratooning, and darker in color.

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

deep red or light purple with dark purple stripes, rarely light red with olive green stripes; wax bloom very sparse

Internode

Internode

straight or slightly conical; bud furrow variably marked, often poorly expressed; wax band medium thickness, prominent; growth ring dark red or dark orange; root band orange, reddish brown, or salmon colored, 2–3 rows of well-spaced eyes

Bud

Bud

ovate, light green changing to purple, very sparsely pubescent with short hairs; bud wing reddish and inserted below the center of the bud

Leaf

Leaf

drooped from the middle, medium/long length, medium width, module 22:1–26:1, rarely sparsely variegated with white or light purple, closely packed, numerous, very sparsely hairy along the edges, sparsely hairy behind the dewlap, serration is moderately sized and closely spaced; upper midrib creamy white or pale yellow; sheath green, variegated with white, moderately to heavily waxy, moderately to heavily hairy down the center, sparsely hairy along upper edges; dewlap green or olive green, often with purple patches, heavily coated with wax, somewhat non-descript shape, distinctly squared, ascending squarish or ascending squarish deltoid; outer auricle transitional with a very dense and long hair group; inner auricle deltoid nub, occurs at the dewlap

Flesh

Flesh

light brown, very hard, juicy but not exceedingly so, very sweet, sulfuric aftertaste, rind very hard

Tassel

Tassel

large, open, rosy, held well aloft

Growth

Growth

semi-erect, many thick stalks

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Leaf

Leaf

Tassel

Tassel

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Internode

Internode

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Flesh

Flesh

Flesh

Flesh

Flesh

Flesh

Flesh

Flesh

Bud

Bud

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

  • Information

Status: No Known Specimens

Background Information: ‘Ainakea literally means “white (kea) pith/bagasse (‘aina)” or “white land (‘?ina).” According to Fornander this name refers to a particular episode in Hawaiian mythology: K?‘ula and K?ne, two powerful akua, practiced their sorcery on the people of Honua‘ula, Maui, and left the bodies of the dead strewn about and exposed. The duo added further insult by snacking on sugarcane grown by the victims to quench their thirst; since this time the cane has been called ‘Ainakea in reference to the white bones left bleaching in the sun. However, many l?‘au lapa‘au sources indicate that the name refers to the flesh of the cane, which is said to be the whitest of all Hawaiian canes – a particularly rare trait for a dark-skinned variety. An alternative name, Laenihi, refers generally to high-headed labroid fish of the genera Hemipteronotus and Iniistius. Another name, P?kea, is a quantifying term applied to Laenihi that refers to a whitish coloration and was used to denote a specific species of fish. ‘Ainakea was one of the few canes used in medicinal concoctions by the kahuna h?h?, and was important in the treatments for p?‘ao‘ao, ‘ea, hilo, and waiki.

Historical Description: ‘Ainakea is said to be [DE1] one of the prettiest Hawaiian canes, similar in appearance to ‘?hi‘a when it is young but lightening in color as it grows. It was often said to be one of the best-producing native cane varieties and was popular cane home gardens, particularly in dry and lowland areas.

Stalk Color

 

The stalks are described by Moir as “maroon-red and striped with apple-green when young, and changing to purplish-red and yellow when mature”; by Fornander as “red with long white stripes”; and by Spencer as “a ribbon cane, green and purple.” Alternatively, Ka‘aiakamanu compares it to Manulele (a striped cane), and states that the stalks were “dark reddish as the p?polo liquid.”

 

Authored by: Noa Kekuewa Lincoln.  
Please properly cite any use of information or graphics from this page. 

Lincoln, N. (2017) Kō: An Ethnobotanical Guide to Hawaiian Sugarcane Varieties. 
Retrieved from: http://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/cane/Home.aspx