LAUKONA

Main Image

Main Image

'LAUKONA' ('Kākonakona', 'Manini', 'Pūmai‘a')

Status: Held in Collections

Background Information: This name references the southerly winter storms that occur in Hawai‘i, and carries the connotation of the word laukōnā, which literally means "many dislikes" and is interpreted as "hardhearted, merciless, or implacable." These two definitions are sometimes applied together to imply "gusty anger," as captured in the chant lines “Eia mai au o ke Kona, ka makani hele ‘ulu‘ulu – Here I come, the southerly storm, the wind that blows furiously." Kākonakona, a name shared with a variety of ‘uala, refers to a native grass (Panicum torridum) with silky white hairs and small, cane-like plumes that only appears after heavy rains in small patches. Manini, literally meaning "stingy; to pour, or spill," refers to the adult stage of the convict tang (Acanthurus triostegus). This name is applied to other variegated crop varieties, including kalo, ‘uala, and mai‘a. Pūmai‘a literally means "stalk of the banana." Fornander relates the following story about the naming of this cane: "There were two men, Piikea and Aulii. Piikea asked Aulii: ‘What is the name of this cane?' Aulii gave his name: "The name of this cane is Laukona; its leaf has long white stripes; that is why it is called Laukona." Piikea disagreed with him on that name. He said the name was Pumaia. They quarreled a great deal over the name of this cane, and Aulii won."

Identifying Characteristics: Leaves heavily variegated with white or off-white. Stalks pale yellow or yellow striped with green. Sheaths variegated with white and moderately pubescent. Buds round, fat, noticeably pubescent, and with distinct pink or purple wings. 'Laukona' may be confused with ‘Not Hinahina' but is distinguishable by being smaller and less robust, having round buds as opposed to triangular, and having fewer rows of root eyes.

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

white or pale pink striped with light green when unexposed, changing to yellow or orangish striped with pea green to green with exposure, green stripes somewhat translucent, yellow color gains rose flush with sun; wax bloom very sparse

Internode

Internode

slightly conoidal or concave-convex, often kinked growth with slanted leaf scar; bud furrow always present but variably expressed, often small; wax band thick, slightly depressed, often fades on older stalks; growth ring large, bright yellow or orange, rarely green, striped like the stalk; root band yellow or yellowish, stripes often truncating in root band, 3–4 rows of eyes

Bud

Bud

short, ovate, fat, green tinged with pink or purple; moderately covered in short hairs; bud wings green fading to pink or purple, inserted at the middle of the bud

Leaf

Leaf

erect or droops at tips, medium length, medium/broad width, module 18:1–22:1, heavily variegated with white, numerous, smooth, serration is small and closely packed; sheath variegated with white, moderately waxy, lightly hairy; dewlap light green or green, typically heavily coated with wax, descending deltoid or flaring ligulate; outer auricle transitional with a short, thick hair group; inner auricle calcarate and occasionally fringed

Flesh

Flesh

brown or orangish, rarely reddish, very juicy, moderately sweet

Tassel

Tassel

open, long, lightly colored, silverish, held well aloft

Growth

Growth

semi-erect to recumbent, many stalks, vigorous grower, top heavy

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Internode

Internode

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Leaf

Leaf

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Tassel

Tassel

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Leaf

Leaf

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

  • Information

Status: No Known Specimens

Background Information: ‘Ainakea literally means “white (kea) pith/bagasse (‘aina)” or “white land (‘?ina).” According to Fornander this name refers to a particular episode in Hawaiian mythology: K?‘ula and K?ne, two powerful akua, practiced their sorcery on the people of Honua‘ula, Maui, and left the bodies of the dead strewn about and exposed. The duo added further insult by snacking on sugarcane grown by the victims to quench their thirst; since this time the cane has been called ‘Ainakea in reference to the white bones left bleaching in the sun. However, many l?‘au lapa‘au sources indicate that the name refers to the flesh of the cane, which is said to be the whitest of all Hawaiian canes – a particularly rare trait for a dark-skinned variety. An alternative name, Laenihi, refers generally to high-headed labroid fish of the genera Hemipteronotus and Iniistius. Another name, P?kea, is a quantifying term applied to Laenihi that refers to a whitish coloration and was used to denote a specific species of fish. ‘Ainakea was one of the few canes used in medicinal concoctions by the kahuna h?h?, and was important in the treatments for p?‘ao‘ao, ‘ea, hilo, and waiki.

Historical Description: ‘Ainakea is said to be [DE1] one of the prettiest Hawaiian canes, similar in appearance to ‘?hi‘a when it is young but lightening in color as it grows. It was often said to be one of the best-producing native cane varieties and was popular cane home gardens, particularly in dry and lowland areas.

Stalk Color

 

The stalks are described by Moir as “maroon-red and striped with apple-green when young, and changing to purplish-red and yellow when mature”; by Fornander as “red with long white stripes”; and by Spencer as “a ribbon cane, green and purple.” Alternatively, Ka‘aiakamanu compares it to Manulele (a striped cane), and states that the stalks were “dark reddish as the p?polo liquid.”

 

Authored by: Noa Kekuewa Lincoln.  
Please properly cite any use of information or graphics from this page. 

Lincoln, N. (2017) Kō: An Ethnobotanical Guide to Hawaiian Sugarcane Varieties. 
Retrieved from: http://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/cane/Home.aspx