H109

Main Image

Main Image

H109

Status: Held in Collections

Background Information: H109 was the first major commercial hybrid created in Hawai‘i by HSPA, which was formed in 1895 and began breeding sugarcane in 1905. The first breeding effort created 5,000 seedlings from a mixed patch of sugarcanes, and so it is unknown which variety fathered H109, but the mother was ‘Lāhainā’. Fitness and production was examined for each of the new varieties, with H109, the 109th seedling in the series, deemed the choicest variety. The yield increase associated with H109, which resulted from a combination of its many long stalks and resistance to insects and diseases, was one of the key factors in the early growth of the sugar plantations in Hawai‘i. Between 1927 and 1932 over half of all the sugarcane grown in the state was of the H109 variety.

Identifying Characteristics: Stalks are often a mottled olive green and purple with a heavy wax bloom. Unique characteristics include considerable pubescence along the leaf edges and leaf base, pointed auricle of medium size occurring just below the dewlap, and long reddish buds that tend to pull away from the stalk.

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Olive green to faded purple, turning bronze or yellow with sun exposure; wax bloom moderate to heavy

Internode

Internode

Slightly barreled, short jointed; bud furrow absent; wax band broad, inconspicuous, blends into wax bloom; growth ring yellow or orange, waxless, distinct; root band purple or olive green, heavy wax coating, 2–3 rows of eyes

Bud

Bud

Red or reddish, long, lanceolate, tends to pull away from stalk; very sparsely pubescent; bud wings red, thin, inserted near the center of the bud

Leaf

Leaf

Erect, medium/short length, medium/narrow width, module 19:1–23:1, considerably pubescent along edges and at base; sheath light green, fading dominantly to purple, heavy wax coating, heavy coating of white hairs; dewlap light green, occasionally ringed in pink, deltoid shaped; outer auricle transitional with a moderate tuft of medium to long hairs; inner auricle pointed, medium sized, occurring just below the dewlap

Flesh

Flesh

White, slightly greenish

Tassel

Tassel

Not observed

Growth

Growth

Semi-erect, produces many stalks close together, generally thin

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Leaf

Leaf

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Bud

Bud

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Bud

Bud

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

  • Information

Status: No Known Specimens

Background Information: ‘Ainakea literally means “white (kea) pith/bagasse (‘aina)” or “white land (‘?ina).” According to Fornander this name refers to a particular episode in Hawaiian mythology: K?‘ula and K?ne, two powerful akua, practiced their sorcery on the people of Honua‘ula, Maui, and left the bodies of the dead strewn about and exposed. The duo added further insult by snacking on sugarcane grown by the victims to quench their thirst; since this time the cane has been called ‘Ainakea in reference to the white bones left bleaching in the sun. However, many l?‘au lapa‘au sources indicate that the name refers to the flesh of the cane, which is said to be the whitest of all Hawaiian canes – a particularly rare trait for a dark-skinned variety. An alternative name, Laenihi, refers generally to high-headed labroid fish of the genera Hemipteronotus and Iniistius. Another name, P?kea, is a quantifying term applied to Laenihi that refers to a whitish coloration and was used to denote a specific species of fish. ‘Ainakea was one of the few canes used in medicinal concoctions by the kahuna h?h?, and was important in the treatments for p?‘ao‘ao, ‘ea, hilo, and waiki.

Historical Description: ‘Ainakea is said to be [DE1] one of the prettiest Hawaiian canes, similar in appearance to ‘?hi‘a when it is young but lightening in color as it grows. It was often said to be one of the best-producing native cane varieties and was popular cane home gardens, particularly in dry and lowland areas.

Stalk Color

 

The stalks are described by Moir as “maroon-red and striped with apple-green when young, and changing to purplish-red and yellow when mature”; by Fornander as “red with long white stripes”; and by Spencer as “a ribbon cane, green and purple.” Alternatively, Ka‘aiakamanu compares it to Manulele (a striped cane), and states that the stalks were “dark reddish as the p?polo liquid.”

 

Authored by: Noa Kekuewa Lincoln.  
Please properly cite any use of information or graphics from this page. 

Lincoln, N. (2017) Kō: An Ethnobotanical Guide to Hawaiian Sugarcane Varieties. 
Retrieved from: http://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/cane/Home.aspx