HĀPAI

Main Image

Main Image

'HĀPAI' ('Iri Dae'erah', 'Nemu Dae'erah', 'Buddha Belly,' 'Egg Cane')

Status: Held in Collections

Background Information: Although given a Hawaiian name, this sugarcane is a relatively recent introduction from Papua New Guinea. The Papuan names found use dae'erah as the generic name for cane, and nemu, which means “belly,” or iri, which means "egg.” The Hawaiian name, which means "pregnant," refers to the incredibly rounded internodes, which are the cane's most unique feature. This cane has many common names around the world, such as 'Buddha Belly Cane' and 'Egg Cane,' also referring to its swollen internodes. The name 'Hāpai' also refers to a variety of banana whose fruit ripens within the stalk.

Identifying Characteristics: Banded stalks are typically green striped with light purple. Internodes are highly barreled and are the cane's most striking and identifiable feature. Buds are long lanceolate. The dewlap is dark purple and flaring ligulate. 'Hāpai' is a distinct cane not easily confused with other varieties.

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

yellow to green heavily striped with light pink to dark purple, flushing rose in sun; wax bloom very sparse

Internode

Internode

extremely barrel-shaped; bud furrow variable, deep or shallow, never extending the length of the internode; wax band narrow, prominent; growth ring inconspicuous, slightly more yellow than stalk; root band greener than stalk, stripes tending to truncate in band, 4–5 rows of eyes

Bud

Bud

purple, long lanceolate, rounded bottom, pointed tip; pubescence moderate; short hairs along upper sides, distinct long tuft of hairs from behind bud; bud wings purple, generally smooth, attach below the center of the bud

Leaf

Leaf

droop near middle, medium/short length, medium/narrow width, module 20:1–23:1, long white hairs along the edge, moderately pubescent behind dewlap, large serration; lower midrib often with thin white or yellow stripe down the center; sheath whitish green, fading to purple with sun, occasionally slightly variegated with white, pink, or purple, very waxy, smooth and hairless; dewlap dark purple, broad, flaring ligulate; outer auricle transitional with short hairs; inner auricle small rounded

Flesh

Flesh

white

Tassel

Tassel

open, moderately tall and broad, silverish and purplish, held moderately aloft

Growth

Growth

short and sparse, semi-erect

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Tassel

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Bud

Growth

Growth

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Growth

Leaf

Leaf

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Growth

Growth

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Stalk Color

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Leaf

Bud

Bud

Leaf

Leaf

Internode

Internode

Leaf

Leaf

Bud

Bud

Internode

Internode

Internode

Internode

  • Information

Status: No Known Specimens

Background Information: ‘Ainakea literally means “white (kea) pith/bagasse (‘aina)” or “white land (‘?ina).” According to Fornander this name refers to a particular episode in Hawaiian mythology: K?‘ula and K?ne, two powerful akua, practiced their sorcery on the people of Honua‘ula, Maui, and left the bodies of the dead strewn about and exposed. The duo added further insult by snacking on sugarcane grown by the victims to quench their thirst; since this time the cane has been called ‘Ainakea in reference to the white bones left bleaching in the sun. However, many l?‘au lapa‘au sources indicate that the name refers to the flesh of the cane, which is said to be the whitest of all Hawaiian canes – a particularly rare trait for a dark-skinned variety. An alternative name, Laenihi, refers generally to high-headed labroid fish of the genera Hemipteronotus and Iniistius. Another name, P?kea, is a quantifying term applied to Laenihi that refers to a whitish coloration and was used to denote a specific species of fish. ‘Ainakea was one of the few canes used in medicinal concoctions by the kahuna h?h?, and was important in the treatments for p?‘ao‘ao, ‘ea, hilo, and waiki.

Historical Description: ‘Ainakea is said to be [DE1] one of the prettiest Hawaiian canes, similar in appearance to ‘?hi‘a when it is young but lightening in color as it grows. It was often said to be one of the best-producing native cane varieties and was popular cane home gardens, particularly in dry and lowland areas.

Stalk Color

 

The stalks are described by Moir as “maroon-red and striped with apple-green when young, and changing to purplish-red and yellow when mature”; by Fornander as “red with long white stripes”; and by Spencer as “a ribbon cane, green and purple.” Alternatively, Ka‘aiakamanu compares it to Manulele (a striped cane), and states that the stalks were “dark reddish as the p?polo liquid.”

 

Authored by: Noa Kekuewa Lincoln.  
Please properly cite any use of information or graphics from this page. 

Lincoln, N. (2017) Kō: An Ethnobotanical Guide to Hawaiian Sugarcane Varieties. 
Retrieved from: http://cms.ctahr.hawaii.edu/cane/Home.aspx